Ladeira, Carina2024-06-132024-06-132024-05-011383-5718PURE: 93237677PURE UUID: 07891033-dd9d-4109-a838-78523f2b16c0Scopus: 85193435168PubMed: 38821670WOS: 001244219100001http://hdl.handle.net/10362/168506Funding Information: The author thanks to H&TRC- Health & Technology Research Center- Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Sa\u00FAde, Instituto Polit\u00E9cnico de Lisboa; FCT/MCTES national support through the UIDP/05608/2020 (https://doi.org/10.54499/UIDP/05608/2020), UIDB/05608/2020 (https://doi.org/10.54499/UIDB/05608/2020) and, IPL/2021/PLASCOGEN_ESTeSL. Publisher Copyright: © 2024 The AuthorsHuman epidemiological studies with biomarkers of effect play an invaluable role in identifying health effects with chemical exposures and in disease prevention. Effect biomarkers that measure genetic damage are potent tools to address the carcinogenic and/or mutagenic potential of chemical exposures, increasing confidence in regulatory risk assessment decision-making processes. The micronucleus (MN) test is recognized as one of the most successful and reliable assays to assess genotoxic events, which are associated with exposures that may cause cancer. To move towards the next generation risk assessment is crucial to establish bridges between standard approaches, new approach methodologies (NAMs) and tools for increase the mechanistically-based biological plausibility in human studies, such as the adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) framework. This paper aims to highlight the still active role of MN as biomarker of effect in the evolution and applicability of new methods and approaches in human risk assessment, with the positive consequence, that the new methods provide a deeper knowledge of the mechanistically-based biology of these endpoints.1412251engAdverse outcome pathwaysChemical mixturesGenotoxicityHuman risk assessmentMicronucleusNew approach methodologiesGeneticsHealth, Toxicology and MutagenesisSDG 3 - Good Health and Well-beingjournal article10.1016/j.mrgentox.2024.503768https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85193435168