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Publicação
Hidrogénio: Revisão de Tecnologias de Produção, Políticas Energéticas e Mercado
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A crise climática é um dos maiores desafios atuais, com amplas evidências de que não
podemos continuar a explorar os recursos do planeta nem emitir gases que provocam o efeito
estufa, como temos feito até nos dias de hoje. Nos últimos anos, no entanto, o mundo parece
ter tomado consciência da gravidade das mudanças climáticas, cujos efeitos estão cada vez
mais visíveis. Esse despertar global permitiu a criação de acordos visando à redução das emissões de gases de efeito estufa, responsáveis pelo aquecimento global, com o objetivo de alcançar a neutralidade carbónica.
Este trabalho examina a relevância do hidrogénio na transição energética promovida
pela União Europeia (UE). São discutidas as suas propriedades, bem como os diferentes métodos para produção, armazenamento e distribuição, culminando no uso final. Além disso, foi
avaliada a estratégia da UE para o hidrogénio, ressaltando seus principais objetivos e metas.
As políticas nacionais também foram analisadas, incluindo a estratégia portuguesa, com enfoques variados conforme os setores prioritários e as metas principais. Desta análise crítica conclui-se que apesar de partilharem metas comuns, cada país prioriza aspetos distintos. Contudo, o papel do hidrogénio na transição energética nacional e internacional é evidente, com
grande potencial para expansão e aplicação.
The climate crisis is one of today's biggest challenges, with ample evidence that we can- not continue to exploit the planet's resources or emit greenhouse gases, as we have been doing up until now. In recent years, however, the world seems to have become aware of the seriousness of climate change, the effects of which are becoming increasingly visible. This global awakening has led to the creation of agreements aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions, which are responsible for global warming, with the aim of achieving carbon neutrality. This dissertation examines the relevance of hydrogen in the energy transition promoted by the European Union (EU). Its properties are discussed, as well as the different methods for production, storage and distribution, culminating in end uses. In addition, the EU's hydrogen strategy is evaluated, highlighting its main objectives and targets. National policies were also analyzed, including the Portuguese strategy, with varying approaches depending on the priority sectors and main goals. From this critical analysis it can be concluded that despite sharing common goals, each country prioritizes different aspects. However, the role of hydrogen in the national and international energy transition is evident, with great potential for expansion and application.
The climate crisis is one of today's biggest challenges, with ample evidence that we can- not continue to exploit the planet's resources or emit greenhouse gases, as we have been doing up until now. In recent years, however, the world seems to have become aware of the seriousness of climate change, the effects of which are becoming increasingly visible. This global awakening has led to the creation of agreements aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions, which are responsible for global warming, with the aim of achieving carbon neutrality. This dissertation examines the relevance of hydrogen in the energy transition promoted by the European Union (EU). Its properties are discussed, as well as the different methods for production, storage and distribution, culminating in end uses. In addition, the EU's hydrogen strategy is evaluated, highlighting its main objectives and targets. National policies were also analyzed, including the Portuguese strategy, with varying approaches depending on the priority sectors and main goals. From this critical analysis it can be concluded that despite sharing common goals, each country prioritizes different aspects. However, the role of hydrogen in the national and international energy transition is evident, with great potential for expansion and application.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Hidrogénio Alterações climáticas Efeito de estufa Neutralidade carbónica