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Associação entre a utilização de dating apps, autoestima e apreciação corporal em adultos residentes em Portugal
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RESUMO - Introdução: A crescente digitalização das interações afetivas, impulsionada pelas dating apps, levanta questões psicossociais relevantes. Num contexto português de elevada prevalência de perturbações de saúde mental e de nova regulação europeia, focada nos riscos das plataformas, este estudo analisou a associação entre o uso destas aplicações, a autoestima e a apreciação corporal em adultos (18-49 anos) em Portugal.
Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo quantitativo transversal por amostragem não probabilística. O questionário online integrou questões sobre os padrões de utilização de dating apps, a Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg e a Body Appreciation Scale-2. A análise de dados incluiu estatística descritiva, testes bivariados e regressão linear múltipla.
Resultados: Dos 1151 participantes, 32,4% (n = 373) utilizaram dating apps no último ano. Nos modelos de regressão multivariável, controlando por fatores sociodemográficos, a utilização de dating apps não mostrou associação significativa com a autoestima (p = 0,493) ou apreciação corporal (p = 0,582). Numa análise focada apenas na sub-amostra de utilizadores, a orientação sexual (p = 0,026) e a motivação de uso para “obter validação pessoal” (p < 0,001) emergiram como os fatores-chave associados a uma autoestima mais baixa. O modelo de regressão para a apreciação corporal não se revelou estatisticamente significativo (p = 0,118), não sendo possível identificar fatores associados a este construto.
Discussão/Conclusão/Implicações: Os resultados sugerem que a associação não está no “mero uso” das apps mas sim na motivação (“porque é que se usa”). A procura de “validação pessoal” e a orientação sexual emergem como os fatores-chave associados à vulnerabilidade ao nível da autoestima. Em contraste, a apreciação corporal não mostrou associação significativa com os fatores analisados. Assim, as intervenções de saúde pública devem focar-se na literacia digital sobre as motivações de uso e no apoio a grupos vulneráveis.
ABSTRACT - Introduction: The growing digitalisation of affective interactions, driven by dating apps, raises relevant psychosocial concerns. In a Portuguese context of high prevalence of mental health disorders and of a new European regulation focused on platform risks, this study analysed the association between the use of these applications, self-esteem, and body appreciation in adults (18-49 years) in Portugal. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted using non-probabilistic sampling. The online questionnaire integrated questions on dating apps usage patterns, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and the Body Appreciation Scale-2. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, bivariate tests, and multiple linear regression. Results: Of the 1151 participants, 32.4% (n = 373) utilised dating apps in the last year. In the multivariable regression models, controlling for sociodemographic factors, dating app use was not found to be a significant association factor for self-esteem (p = .493) or body appreciation (p = .582). In an analysis focused solely on the users’ sub-sample, sexual orientation (p = .026) and the motivation to “obtain personal validation” (p < .001) emerged as the key factors associated with lower self-esteem. The regression model for body appreciation was not statistically significant (p = .118), and it was not possible to identify factors associated with this construct. Discussion/Conclusion/Implications: The results demonstrate that the association does not lie in the “mere use” of the apps but rather in the motivation (“why one uses them”). The search for “personal validation” and sexual orientation emerge as the key factors associated with self-esteem vulnerability. In contrast, body appreciation was not found to be significantly associated with the analysed factors. Thus, public health interventions should focus on digital literacy regarding usage motivations and support for vulnerable groups.
ABSTRACT - Introduction: The growing digitalisation of affective interactions, driven by dating apps, raises relevant psychosocial concerns. In a Portuguese context of high prevalence of mental health disorders and of a new European regulation focused on platform risks, this study analysed the association between the use of these applications, self-esteem, and body appreciation in adults (18-49 years) in Portugal. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted using non-probabilistic sampling. The online questionnaire integrated questions on dating apps usage patterns, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and the Body Appreciation Scale-2. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, bivariate tests, and multiple linear regression. Results: Of the 1151 participants, 32.4% (n = 373) utilised dating apps in the last year. In the multivariable regression models, controlling for sociodemographic factors, dating app use was not found to be a significant association factor for self-esteem (p = .493) or body appreciation (p = .582). In an analysis focused solely on the users’ sub-sample, sexual orientation (p = .026) and the motivation to “obtain personal validation” (p < .001) emerged as the key factors associated with lower self-esteem. The regression model for body appreciation was not statistically significant (p = .118), and it was not possible to identify factors associated with this construct. Discussion/Conclusion/Implications: The results demonstrate that the association does not lie in the “mere use” of the apps but rather in the motivation (“why one uses them”). The search for “personal validation” and sexual orientation emerge as the key factors associated with self-esteem vulnerability. In contrast, body appreciation was not found to be significantly associated with the analysed factors. Thus, public health interventions should focus on digital literacy regarding usage motivations and support for vulnerable groups.
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Aplicações Móveis Autoimagem Imagem Corporal Motivação Minorias Sexuais e de Género Mobile Applications Self Concept Body Image Motivation Sexual and Gender Minorities