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O transporte como determinante social de saúde : mobilidade e utilização de transportes públicos na perceção das pessoas idosas : um estudo de caso numa comunidade urbana
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RESUMO - O crescimento da população idosa constitui um dos principais desafios para as
atuais e futuras sociedades. A possibilidade de as pessoas permanecerem na sua
comunidade de forma saudável e ativa, à medida que envelhecem, elevam a
importância da questão da mobilidade e da forma como se deslocam, na saúde e
qualidade de vida desta população.
O presente trabalho propôs-se perceber de que forma o acesso a transporte
influencia a saúde e qualidade de vida, na perspetiva das pessoas idosas e
identificar fatores que atuassem como barreiras ao acesso e utilização de
transportes, principalmente transportes públicos.
A metodologia utilizada foi estudo de caso, com base no modelo PRECEDEPROCEED,
desenvolvido na Ameixoeira, Lisboa. Os dados resultaram de um
questionário aplicado a 24 pessoas idosas, da análise documental e da realização
de entrevistas.
A análise dos dados sugere que, é ao nível da autonomia e independência que o
acesso a transporte influencia a saúde e a qualidade de vida da amostra, e a
mobilidade e utilização de transporte, por sua vez, é influenciada por fatores
individuais, como a idade, o género, o rendimento e as condições de saúde, e
fatores ambientais envolvendo características dos transportes e da zona de
residência.
Tendo-se focado o trabalho na identificação das barreiras percecionadas pelas
pessoas idosas na utilização de transportes públicos, sugere-se o elevado preço, a
insuficiente distribuição do serviço, a distância às paragens e os horários
inadequados como os principais constrangimentos identificados.
Embora os resultados não possam ser extrapolados, devem ser encarados como um
ponto de partida para futuras investigações.
ABSTRACT - The growth of the elderly population is a major challenge for current and future societies. The ability of people to remain in their community in a healthy and active way, as they age, raise awareness of the issue of mobility and how moving, in health and quality of life of this population. This study was proposed to understand how access to transportation influences the health and quality of life, from the perspective of older people, and to identify factors that acted as barriers to the access and use of transport, particularly public transport. The methodology used was case study based on the PRECEDE-PROCEED model, developed in Ameixoeira, Lisbon. The data resulted from a questionnaire administered to 24 elderly people, documentary analysis and interviews. Data analysis suggests that it is the question of autonomy and independence that access to transport influences the health and quality of life of the sample, and the mobility and use of transport, in turn, is influenced by individual factors, such as age, gender, income and health, and environmental factors involving characteristics of transport and area of residence. Having focused the work on identifying the barriers perceived for the elderly in the use of public transport, it is suggested that the high price, poor service delivery, the distance to the stops and inappropriate schedules as the main constraints identified. Although it is not possible to extrapolate data, the suggestions above, must be seen as an asset for future investigations.
ABSTRACT - The growth of the elderly population is a major challenge for current and future societies. The ability of people to remain in their community in a healthy and active way, as they age, raise awareness of the issue of mobility and how moving, in health and quality of life of this population. This study was proposed to understand how access to transportation influences the health and quality of life, from the perspective of older people, and to identify factors that acted as barriers to the access and use of transport, particularly public transport. The methodology used was case study based on the PRECEDE-PROCEED model, developed in Ameixoeira, Lisbon. The data resulted from a questionnaire administered to 24 elderly people, documentary analysis and interviews. Data analysis suggests that it is the question of autonomy and independence that access to transport influences the health and quality of life of the sample, and the mobility and use of transport, in turn, is influenced by individual factors, such as age, gender, income and health, and environmental factors involving characteristics of transport and area of residence. Having focused the work on identifying the barriers perceived for the elderly in the use of public transport, it is suggested that the high price, poor service delivery, the distance to the stops and inappropriate schedules as the main constraints identified. Although it is not possible to extrapolate data, the suggestions above, must be seen as an asset for future investigations.