http://hdl.handle.net/10362/490 DCEA_PhD Sat, 25 May 2013 20:09:26 GMT 2013-05-25T20:09:26Z http://hdl.handle.net/10362/9686 Title: A resiliência enquanto orientação de planeamento regional: uma abordagem integrada e aplicada à região do Alentejo Authors: Santos, Fernando Gilberto Teigão dos Description: Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Doutor em Ciências do Ambiente pela Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10362/9686 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10362/9415 Title: Acesso aos recursos genéticos e partilha dos benefícios - as experiências do Brasil, da Costa Rica e de Portugal Authors: Pitrez, Peter Paiva Abstract: A presente tese apresenta uma proposta de elaboração de políticas públicas participadas de Acesso aos Recursos Genéticos e Partilha dos Benefícios (ABS) para Portugal. O ABS, terceiro objetivo da Convenção sobre Diversidade Biológica (CDB), tem sido negligenciado nos últimos 20 anos, resultando num aumento sem precedentes da biopirataria, com consequências negativas que afetam desde a conservação da biodiversidade até ao crescimento económico de um país. Em 2010, foi adotado o Protocolo de Nagoia sobre ABS, visando operacionalizar este objetivo da CDB. Para uma implementação eficaz e eficiente do Protocolo, é necessário que as Partes elaborem políticas públicas de ABS. Nesta tese identificam-se as lacunas e alternativas na elaboração destas políticas, recorre-se a uma análise histórica das ferramentas e dos processos de ABS e a uma análise comparativa da elaboração de políticas de ABS já utilizadas, como suporte para que Portugal possa, apoiando-se nestas aprendizagens, elaborar a sua própria política pública. Utilizando elementos de análise de modelos de políticas públicas e uma metodologia qualitativa, a pesquisa apoiou-se em entrevistas a técnicos de diferentes países e de comunidades tradicionais, e no acompanhamento das negociações internacionais para a elaboração do Protocolo. Os resultados demonstram que Portugal, apesar de ter participado ativamente das negociações do Protocolo até muito recentemente, encontra-se, presentemente, num estágio preliminar quanto a criação dos elementos de ABS, devido às dificuldades na operacionalização e participação técnica, e à falta de sensibilização dos vários setores da sociedade para esta questão. Conclui-se que apesar de não existir um modelo único de políticas públicas de ABS e de ainda existirem lacunas por colmatar, Portugal poderá beneficiar ao optar por elaborar políticas públicas participadas de ABS, tirando partido das lições aprendidas com outros modelos identificados e analisados, que sejam claras, transparentes e que assegurem segurança jurídica junto dos utilizadores e fornecedores de Recursos Genéticos. Description: Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Doutor em Ambiente Sun, 01 Jan 2012 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10362/9415 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10362/9371 Title: Establishment of environmental and biological bases to optimise the production of the European clam Ruditapes decussatus (Linnaeus, 1758) Authors: Matias, Domitília da Conceição Coutinha Abstract: In Portugal, aquaculture is greatly supported by the production of Ruditapes decussatus that represents 80 % of the total shellfish production. However, the culture of R. decussatus is clearly limited by the availability of seed, which proceeds exclusively from natural recruitment. In the last few years, the production of this species has clearly decreased due to recruitment failures and to severe mortalities. The development of hatchery technology that will provide an alternative reliable source of clam spat, will allow to overcome this constrain. Production of R. decussatus seed in hatcheries is however a relatively new industry for which most methods have been developed using empirical approaches. Due to the scarcity of information on this species production, the main objective of the present work was the evaluation of the biological and ecological processes involved in the different culture phases (broodstock conditioning, larval culture and on-growing). Concerning broodstock conditioning, the reproductive cycle of the two main Portuguese populations of R. decussatus, as well as its nutrient storage and exploitation strategy were characterized. Moreover, the best broodstock origin and timing of collection were determined, as well as the most adequate conditioning temperature and food to achieve maturation, spawning success and larval viability, limiting factors for the reproduction of this species. In order to optimize the larval management, important information on the energetic utilization during oogenesis and metamorphosis was obtained, contributing to the design of the most suitable diet for the larval phase. Concerning the on-growing phase, the response of R. decussatus to local and seasonal environmental factors was evaluated, aiming to define ecological and production management strategies. Finally, the overall information gathered in the present study allowed the development of a successful R. decussatus production program. Description: Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Doutor em Ambiente Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10362/9371 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10362/9305 Title: Numerical methods and tangible interfaces for pollutant dispersion simulation Authors: Ferreira, João Serpa Soares Moradas Abstract: The first main objective of this thesis is to reduce numerical errors in advection-diffusion modelling. This is accomplished by presenting DisPar methods, a class of numerical schemes for advection-diffusion or transport problems, based on a particle displacement distribution for Markov processes. The development and analyses of explicit and implicit DisPar formulations applied to one and two dimensional uniform grids are presented. The first explicit method, called DisPar-1, is based on the development of a discrete probability distribution for a particle displacement, whose numerical values are evaluated by analysing average and variance. These two statistical parameters depend on the physical conditions (velocity, dispersion coefficients and flows). The second explicit method,DisPar-k, is an extension of the previous one and it is developed for one and two dimensions. Besides average and variance, this method is also based on a specific number of particle displacement moments. These moments are obtained by the relation between the advection-diffusion and the Fokker-Planck equation, assuming a Gaussian distribution for the particle displacement distribution. The number of particle displacement moments directly affects the spatial accuracy of the method, and it is possible to achieve good results for pure-advection situations. The comparison with other methods showed that the main DisPar disadvantage is the presence of oscillations in the vicinity of step concentration profiles. However, the models that avoid those oscillations generally require complex and expensive computational techniques, and do not perform so well as DisPar in Gaussian plume transport. The application of the 2-D DisPar to the Tagus estuary demonstrates the model capacity of representing mass transport under complex flows. Finally, an implicit version of DisPar is also developed and tested in linear conditions, and similar results were obtained in terms of truncation error and particle transport methods. The second main objective of this thesis, to contribute to modelling cost reduction, is accomplished by presenting TangiTable, a tangible interface for pollutant dispersion simulation composed by a personal computer, a camera, a video projector and a table. In this system, a virtual environment is projected on the table, where the users place objects representing infrastructures that affect the water of an existent river and the air quality. The environment and the pollution dispersion along the river are then projected on the table. TangiTable usability was tested in a public exhibition and the feedback was very positive. Future uses include public participation and collaborative work applications. Description: Dissertação apresentada para obtenção do Grau de Doutor em Engenharia do Ambiente, pela Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia Sat, 01 Jan 2005 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10362/9305 2005-01-01T00:00:00Z